The name 'myopathy' refers to a group of conditions characterised by muscle weakness. The name is derived from the Greek language of "myo" meaning muscle, and "pathos" meaning disease. Myopathies can be acquired or inherited and generally affect the muscles which are closest to the trunk of the body, although there are some which affect the muscles of the lower arms and legs.

Myopathies cause problems in the ability of muscles to contract and relax, and different myopathies show varying degrees of weakness. The more severe myopathies can result in problems with breathing and swallowing, but these problems can usually be managed by health professionals. Some myopathies show improvement over time with an increase in muscle strength.

Often with complaints of muscle weakness, a muscle biopsy is carried out to examine the muscle tissue. Normal muscle has a characteristic pattern when viewed under the microscope, but myopathic muscle looks different. Sometimes there are structures present which are typical of a specific condition. For example thread-like structures are seen in the muscle cells of individuals with nemaline myopathy. If there is not a pattern associated with a specific condition, a general diagnosis of a myopathy is given.

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